Which type of easement can limit what adjoining landowners can do with their property?

The correct choice is negative easement, which specifically allows one property owner to prevent another landowner from performing certain actions that could affect the use and enjoyment of their property. This type of easement is generally used to protect certain rights, such as light, air, or scenic views, and it imposes restrictions on how the adjacent property can be used.

For instance, a negative easement for light might prevent a neighbor from constructing a building that would obstruct sunlight from reaching your property. This form of easement is particularly important in urban areas where buildings and land use can significantly impact the enjoyment of property rights.

In contrast, the other options describe different forms of easements with different functions. An easement by reservation refers to a situation where a property owner sells land but retains the right to use a portion of that land for a specific purpose. An easement by prescription involves acquiring a right to use someone else's land through continuous and open use, while an easement by necessity allows access to a landlocked parcel. None of these easements impose limitations on how adjoining landowners can use their property in the way that a negative easement does.