What must public officials and figures prove to succeed in a defamation case?

In a defamation case involving public officials or public figures, the plaintiff must demonstrate "actual malice" in order to prevail. This standard was established by the U.S. Supreme Court in the landmark case of New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, which set a higher burden of proof for public figures compared to private individuals. Actual malice means showing that the statement was made with knowledge of its falsity or with reckless disregard for the truth.

This requirement exists because public figures have greater access to the media and more resources to counteract false statements, which necessitates a higher threshold for claims of defamation. By proving actual malice, public officials and figures can address the balance between protecting reputations and ensuring freedom of speech, especially concerning public discourse regarding their conduct and positions.